Describe the cognitive processes required when preparing for examinations Free Essays

Presentation The point of the current paper was to research and talk about the intellectual procedures engaged with the groundwork for tests. The paper covers the foundation of subjective brain science, talking about the different resources of intellectual preparing. It at that point proceeds to talk about the particular resources of consideration and memory, as these were two central components remembered for the writing when considering the learning and memorisation of data. We will compose a custom article test on Portray the intellectual procedures required while getting ready for assessments or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Conversation about the psychological procedures associated with consideration and memory is consolidated in to the paper, and recommendations on how understudies can utilize intellectual methods to upgrade the presentation of these subjective procedures while getting ready for tests are subsumed. The paper closes with the recommendation that the working memory model as proposed by Baddeley Hitch (1974) is the principle psychological procedure associated with test arrangement. The term â€Å"cognition† is gotten from the Latin word â€Å"cognoscere† which when made an interpretation of in to the English language, indicates the significance â€Å"to know†. Henceforth, psychological brain science is worried about the logical investigation of human comprehension. Procedures, for example, discernment, learning, judgment, dynamic and memory are a portion of the components that comprise as subjective capacity. The crucial point of analysts in the field of intellectual brain research is to build up how people secure and apply information and data to and from their surroundings (Lu Dosher, 2007). Information through discernment is achieved by method of the five detects where various parts of the data, for example, structure and movement speak to different various highlights of the boosts (Livingstone Hubel, 1988; Ungerleider Mishkin, 1982; Julesz, 1971). The reason for learning is to improve the reaction of the person to their condition (Kande l, 1976; Estes, 1969). In this way, all through the mental writing on intellectual handling, accentuation has been founded on the impact of related knowledge and procedural information on an individual’s execution (Roediger, 1990). The consideration capacity of the intellectual procedure oversees data so the brain works productively without getting over-burden. This is done through specific handling, whereby certain snippets of data are chosen for preparing. Furthermore, the consideration personnel may likewise deal with the admission of concurrent snippets of data by isolating and dispersing the assets concerned them (Broadbent, 1957; Posner, 1980; Treisman, 1969). The judgment and dynamic personnel of subjective handling is required for the person to adequately play out an intentional conduct. The decision that the individual makes might be driven by understood or express judgment and choice, embroiling that the individual may have a cognizant or oblivious reason for their choice (von Neumann Morgenstern 1944; Luce, 1959). However, the most evolved part of psychological brain research and the investigation of subjective procedures is the personnel of memory. Memory contemplates place significant accentuation on examining the techniques in which recollections are gained, put away and recovered. Exploration gives sign that the limit of memory is partitioned to perform separate obligations, for example, holding data about the earth, techniques, aptitudes and running the working memory system (Cowan, 1995; Dosher, 1999). The current paper tries to examine which intellectual procedures are utilized during groundwork for a test, with explicit references to the consideration and memory elements of the mind, as these are the two capacities that go connected at the hip while holding and reviewing data (Cherry, 2014). The inclination to process data specifically through consideration, and hold data in a manner by which is open through the working memory are two basic parts of psychological limit. While proof shows that consideration assumes little job in the upkeep of data encoded in the memory (Fougnie, 2008), it has been proposed that there are solid connections between the working memory and consideration resources of the intellectual brain during the encoding and control procedure of information procurement (Cherry 2014; Fougnie, 2008). Hypothetical models of the working memory usually portray a job for consideration. In any case, between these various models, the specific job for consideration has not been conceded to and remains dubiously indistinct, consequently banters about which preparing stage that attentional determination happens (Fougnie, 2008). The most broadly acknowledged model of memory is the Working Memory Model proposed by Baddeley and Hitch in 1974. In this model, considerati on is the middle person between tangible memory and the focal official, where sub capacities, for example, the phonological store and the visuospatial sketch cushion, two momentary memory stores, hold transient sound-related and visual data individually. These are known as the ‘slave systems’ and give proof concerning how people can perform various tasks. As per the working memory model, the data from these slave frameworks are then moved back to the focal official whereby they are encoded in the drawn out memory (Fougnie, 2008). These discoveries give a layout to which intellectual procedures happen during test planning, where understudies endeavor to hold data that they will later on recover. However, further exploration proposes that learning and holding data for tests might be a more perplexing system than those delineated by memory models (Hill, 2009). Ebbinghaus (1885) examined the technique where the maintenance and overlooking of data happen. The foundation of the overlooking bend gave understanding into how recollections disseminate over some stretch of time (Groome, Brace, Dewart, Edgar, Edgar, Esgate, Kemp, Pike Stafford, 2006). Also, Bartlett’s Story Recall try (1932) loaned understanding to the thought that data is required to hold semantic incentive so as to be recollected (Groome, et al., 2006). Subsequently, as per Hill (2009), the best ways for understudies to retain data for their tests is through redundancy, elaboration and association. To additionally expound on the proposals of Ebbinghaus (1885), Bartlett (1932) and Hill (2009), scientists proposed a few investigations in food. Ebbinghaus (1885) further expressed that so as to abstain from overlooking and improve memory, reiteration was altogether important. Utilizing the ‘mind’s voice’, the phonological circle, the pattern of learning and precisely reviewing fortifies the memory, in this way making test planning simpler as less time will be required to re-gain proficiency with the material, consequently why amending for tests more than once improves review (Hill, 2009). In addition, for Bartlett (1932), it has been discovered that data having semantic worth is reviewed all the more effectively (Craik Tulving, 1975; Ley, 1978). It might be theorized that the clarification of is reasoned to the consideration capacity of the working memory choosing important data so as to upgrade the individual’s execution dependent on earlier learning and experience. In light of these discoveries, mental aides might be recommended as a compelling modification apparatus, since partner data with clear visual symbolism and words has demonstrated upgraded review (Bower, 1972). Moreover, introducing data in an organized way in which importance is passed on has been found to encourage review (Hill, 2009). By gathering or requesting m aterials in a sorted out way, the individual will exploit the mind’s existing technique for speaking to data semantically, in this way making the data simpler to encode and recover through memory. For instance, Ley et al (1978) found that introducing clinical data to patients in a sorted out and organized way improved their review up to 25%. In this way, it is proposed that understudies sufficiently sort out their learning materials in a semantic way so as to plan for their tests in the most ingenious manner. In spite of the fact that the writing has given rich proof to help the thought that the memory and consideration resources assume a significant job in test planning, there are likewise pertinent restrictions needing tending to. The working memory model has been condemned as being invalid, as when new examinations propose discoveries that don't fit with the current working memory model, the working memory model is changed so as to suit the new discoveries. This makes it hard to distort the model or supplant it with another one, and shows that any examination discoveries dependent on the working memory model are void (Neath Nairne , 1995). Additionally, the discoveries of Ebbinghaus (1885) have been addressed, as the subject of his investigation was himself. With no goal discoveries, analysts accept the consequences of the overlooking bend to be questionable (Hill, 2009). Regardless of these reactions, later exploration dependent on both the working memory model and the overlooking ben d has effectively revealed new discoveries on the subjective procedures associated with memory (Groome, et al., 2006). Taking everything into account, the discoveries in the writing have loaned plentiful help to the thought that test readiness vigorously depends on the intellectual procedures of consideration and memory. The writing has demonstrated that these two resources work conjointly so as to accomplish long haul memory. Studies on the Working Memory Model have recognized the particular jobs of the two subjective procedures, and the writing has offered further help on how the functioning memory model is essential in test correction through itemized portrayals of these capacities. Studies on memory maintenance and overlooking have involved that redundancy, elaboration and association are the key

Frankenstein Essay Essays - Frankenstein, English-language Films

Frankenstein Essay Essays - Frankenstein, English-language Films Frankenstein Essay Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley is a perplexing novel that was composed during the time of Romanticism. It contains numerous run of the mill subjects of a typical Romantic epic, for example, dim research centers, the moon, and a beast; be that as it may, Frankenstein is definitely not a typical novel. Numerous exercises are installed into this novel, including how society acts towards the extraordinary. The beast succumbed to the framework regularly used to describe an individual by just their external appearance. In any case, society consistently sums up an individual's attributes by their physical appearance. Society has set an unbreakable code people must follow to be acknowledged. The individuals who don't follow the norm are loathed by the group and prohibited for the explanation of being extraordinary. At the point when the beast wandered into a town...[monster] had scarcely positioned [his] foot inside the entryway ...youngsters screeched, and ...ladies blacked out (101). From that second on he understood that individuals didn't care for his appearance and abhorred him as a result of it. On the off chance that residents didn't flee at seeing him, at that point they may have even made the most of his character. The beast attempted to achieve this when he experienced the De Lacey family. The beast would have liked to pick up kinship from the elderly person and inevitably his youngsters. He realized that it could have been conceivable in light of the fact that the elderly person was visually impaired, he was unable to see the beast's shocking attributes. In any case, destiny was against him and the vomited had scarcely chatted with the elderly person before his youngsters came back from their excursion and saw an immense animal at the foot of their dad endeavoring to do damage to the vulnerable senior. Felix shot forward, and with extraordinary power tore [the creature] from his father... (129). Felix's activity made incredible inward torment the beast. He realized that his fantasy about living with them cheerfully ever after would not occur. After that unpleasant second the beast accepted that ...the human faculties are unfavorable obstructions to our association [with the monster] (138) and with the De Lacey experience still new in his psyche alongside his first experience of people, he announced war on humankind. The mischievous being's wellspring of contempt toward people begins from his first encounters with people. In a manner the beast began with a kid like blamelessness that was inevitably broken by being continually dismissed by society on numerous occasions. His first experience with people was the point at which he opened his yellow eyes just because and saw Victor Frankenstein, his maker, ...rush out of the [laboratory]... (56). Would this have had occurred if society didn't believe physical appearance to be significant? No. On the off chance that physical appearance were not significant, at that point the animal would have gotten an opportunity of being acknowledged into the network with adoration and care. However, society believes that physical appearance is significant and it influences the manner in which individuals act towards one another. Frankenstein ought to have made him less culpable if even he, the maker, couldn't stand his appalling appearance. There was a second anyway when Frankenstein ...was moved... (139) by the animal. He ...felt what the obligations of a creator... (97) were and concluded that he needed to make another animal, an ally for the first. Yet, frequenting pictures of his creation (from the beast's first snapshot of life) gave him an intuitive inclination that the beast would do threatening acts with his partner, unleashing double the devastation! Reoccurring pictures of excruciating occasions starting from a first experience could fill an individual with loathe and decimation. We as a general public are the ones liable for the change of the once youngster like animal into the beast we as a whole know. The open has to realize that our general public has imperfections and they should be evacuated before our base impulses proceed to separate and hurt the individuals who are extraordinary. With such a lot of innovation among us, a few people may ask why such a propelled human advancement despite everything sticks on to such crude methods of classifying individuals.

Guil Naquitz (Mexico) - Key Evidence of Maize Domestication History

Guil Naquitz (Mexico) - Key Evidence of Maize Domestication History Guil Naquitz is one of the most significant archeological destinations in the Americas, perceived for its advancement revelations in understanding plant taming. The site was uncovered during the 1970s by KV Flannery, utilizing then-new strategies for natural and biological testing, and the consequences of those inspecting methods and different unearthings that followed modified what archeologists had recently comprehended of the planning of plant training. Guil Naquitz is a little caveâ occupied at any rate multiple times somewhere in the range of 8000 and 6500 BC, by trackers and gatherers, most likely throughout the fall (October to December) of the year. The cavern is in the Tehuacn valley of the province of Oaxaca, Mexico, around 5 kilometers (3 miles) northwest of the town of Mitla. The mouth of the cavern opens close to the base of a huge ignimbrite precipice rising ~300 meters (~1000 feet) over the valley floor. Sequence and Stratigraphy Five regular layers (An E) were recognized in the cavern stores, which stretched out to a most extreme profundity of 140 centimeters (55 inches). Shockingly, just the top layers (A) can be convincingly dated, in light of radiocarbon dates from its living floors and ceramics which matches Monte Alban IIIB-IV, ca. 700 AD. The dates of different layers inside the cavern are to a degree opposing: yet AMS radiocarbon dates on the plant parts found inside layers B, C, and D have returned dates to almost 10,000 years back, well inside the Archaic time frame and, for the time it was found, mind-blowingly early. Extensive and warmed discussion happened during the 1970s, especially about the radiocarbon dates from Guila Naquitzs teosinte (antecedent to maize) cob parts, concerns which generally dispersed after likewise old dates for maize were recuperated from the San Marcos and Coxcatlan collapses Oaxaca and Puebla, and the Xihuatoxtla site in Guerrero. Full scale and Micro Plant Evidence A wide scope of plant food was recouped inside the cavern stores of Guil Naquitz, including oak seeds, pinyon, desert flora organic products, hackberries, mesquite cases, and in particular, the wild types of jug gourd, squash and beans. Different plants verified at Guila Naquitz stew peppers, amaranth, chenopodium, and agave. This proof incorporates plant partspeduncles, seeds, natural products, and skin pieces, yet additionally dust and phytoliths. Three cobs with plant components of bothâ teosinte (the wild ancestor ofâ maize)â and maize, were found inside the stores and direct-dated by AMS radiocarbon dating to around 5400 years of age; they give a few indications of training. Squash skins were likewise radiocarbon dated: they returned dates of around 10,000 years prior. Sources This article is a piece of the About.com manual for the American Archaic, and the Dictionary of Archeology. Benz BF. 2001. Archeological proof of teosinte training from Guil Naquitz, Oaxaca. Procedures of the National Academy of Sciences 98(4):2105-2106. Crawford GW. 2015. Food Production, Origins of. In: Wright JD, supervisor. Universal Encyclopedia of the Social Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition). Oxford: Elsevier. p 300-306. Flannery KV. 1986. Guila Naquitz: Archaic Foraging and Early Agriculture in Oaxaca, Mexico. New York: Academic Press. Marcus J, and Flannery KV. 2004. The coevolution of custom and society: New 14C dates from old Mexico. Procedures of the National Academy of Sciences 101(52):18257â€18261. Piperno DR. 2003. A couple of bits shy of a cob: on the Staller and Thompson late passage situation for the presentation of maize into northern South America. Diary of Archeological Science 30(7):831-836. Schoenwetter J. 1974. Dust Records of Guila Naquitz Cave. American Antiquity 39(2):292-303. Smith BD. 1997. The Initial Domestication of Cucurbita pepo in the Americas 10,000 Years Ago. Science 276(5314):932-934. Warinner C, Garcia NR, and Tuross N. 2013. Maize, beans and the botanical isotopic decent variety of good country Oaxaca, Mexico. Diary of Archeological Science 40(2):868-873.

Retail Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Retail Industry - Essay Example Over and over Non benefit associations have raised issues against the enormous retailing monsters particularly Tesco and Asda. Find beneath news distributed in the different dailies Body: The claims and allegations of different NGO's and papers on moral and communist issues against the retailers are a repetitive event directly from the mid 1900's. The worker's organizations, Human rights activists, customer insurance right activists, associations that sheltered watchman the interests of little ranchers and providers, and the little business person's associations, are all in their own specific manner attempting to secure their enthusiasm by continually looking for help from the media and the administration administrative bodies to help them in their motivation. The objective for this paper as expressed to start with is to distinguish, explore and approve this campaigning and go to an agreement dependent on the discoveries. Release us through a couple of measurements before we get further in the issue. The monsters Tesco and Asda are consistently in the spot light on any of the charges that originates from any corner a portion of the claims depend on measurable information from different sources which is nitty gritty underneath: Asda Wal-Mart offered a 10% compensation rise 340 of its drivers and stockroom laborers in Durham in the event that they left the worker's guild GMB. Asda was in this way fined for these contributions as it was illicit instigations to its laborers. Sharing the advantage: Tesco reported 2.5 billion in the year 2007 17.9 million was the complete yearly compensation to the 16 governing body in Tesco, one of the most costly sheets as per the Ecologist in May 2007. The Tesco boss got a 25% compensation climb in 2006 taking his salary to very nearly 4 million. A Tesco worker with a normal compensation should labor for a long time to get that salary. Dissolving rivalry and the effect on free retailers: These enormous retailing goliaths have essentially rung the demise chime for little and autonomous business visionaries and above all denied shoppers of decisions. During the 1960's free retailers had a 60% piece of the pie which in now diminished to 6%. Right around 2000 free retailers close shop every year. 7337 free retailers shut down between the years 2000 and 2004. 'As indicated by the High road Report 2015 - All parliamentary little shops gathering' - By 2015 all free and little comfort stores would have vanished. The issues referenced above are amazingly basic and crucial. Wellbeing, rights, decision and reasonable cost for the products sold (providers). Let us take a gander at the

Finding Community at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Finding Community at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Thanks to a former Admissions program assistant and SIPA 18 graduate for this post! One of the reasons why I chose to attend SIPA was because I wanted to engage with and learn from the large and diverse student body. That being said, I was also concerned about getting lost in a larger program my fears were quickly assuaged given that SIPA provides numerous opportunities to build community from Day 1.  Activities ranging from orientation week to organization fairs are abundant. Below is a list of some places that I found strong community. Orientation Cohorts Orientation week was a great way to meet fellow students was through my cohort (Seeples Group D!). Spending a week with a group of students, learning about SIPA, Columbia, and New York was both fun and allowed me to build a strong sense of community within my first several weeks on campus. My cohort still has reunions and some of my best friends at school were in that group! Student Organizations I was involved in a variety of student organizations at SIPA, which really added to my experience. It took me a semester to decide which ones I ultimately wanted to join. These groups range from SIPA Vets to Women in Leadership and are a fantastic way to not only learn about a wide array of topics but also provide extensive leadership opportunities. I also became involved in groups at both the Law and Business schools to gain a different perspective. Regional Institutes Columbia’s regional institutes are a tremendous asset to SIPAs program. Ranging from the Weatherhead to the Harriman Institutes, these institutes are a fantastic place to find community both with fellow Seeples in addition to students from the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. The institutes provide a wide array of cultural activities throughout the year, book talks, discussion groups, and many other events and resources. They were a major part of my life and community throughout the past several years! International Trips I participated in multiple student-led international trips during my time at SIPA. They were the highlight of my time here, and there is nothing that builds community like wandering around ancient ruins or being stuck on a train for 15 hours straight with a group of fellow Seeples. The trips allow you to experience the best of what SIPA has to offer â€" learning about international relations, policies, and cultures. Try to take advantage of these experiences you will come away with lifelong friends! Columbia Community Service There are a myriad of community service opportunities sponsored by the University. They are a fantastic way to serve with fellow students and faculty as well as get to know residents on the Upper West Side.

Sign Language with Toddlers with Down Syndrome - Free Essay Example

Early intervention is an essential part of working with children with disabilities. Intervention delivered by a Speech-language pathologist (SLP) is meant to alleviate the effects of a specific disability in order to change or give strategies to aid in communication. The use of Sign language with toddlers who have Down syndrome is an example of those who can benefit from SLPs. Expressive language is a crucial part of communication and children with Down syndrome struggle to use spoken language, so they benefit from other ways to communicate such as Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC). One form of AAC that both research articles explore is the use of sign language with toddlers. Topics of debate are the effects that sign language has on the vocabulary and expressive language for children with Down syndrome. The purpose of the first study (Wright, Kaiser, Reikowsky Roberts, 2012) was to determine the effects of naturalistic intervention on expressive signs, spoken words, generalization to different settings, and joint engagement and symbol infused joint engagement. The purpose the second research article (Ozcaliskan, Adamson, Dimitrova, Bailey Schmuch, 2015) was to demonstrate how children with Down syndrome compare to typically developing children and what effect baby sign or spontaneous gestures have on their vocabulary acquisition lat er in life. There are few research articles addressing this subject and the articles serve to show the correlation between signing at an early age and the effect it will have on their vocabulary and expressive language later in life. Description of the Studies Wright (2012) studied the effects of naturalistic sign intervention on the expressive language of toddlers with Down syndrome. The focus of the article was on four toddlers with Down syndrome between the age of 23 and 29 months. There were multiple criteria for toddlers that were chosen such as diagnosis of Down Syndrome, 18-36 months old, vision or hearing within normal limits, expressive vocabulary of less than 15 words, minimum of one sign, imitate hand placement, English as primary language, and parental consent. Researchers used an intervention strategy known as EMT/JASPER teaching strategies with the toddlers on both spoken language and manual sign. The study was conducted over a short period of time, approximately 10 weeks. After they established a baseline on expressive language skills for the participants the study lasted for a total of 20 sessions: 2 times a week for 20-30 minutes. This study examined the effects of naturalistic teaching on the acquisition of spoken w ords and signs in young children. According to the study (Wright et. al, 2012), EMT was used throughout the article as a teaching strategy which includes following the childs lead in a play based setting, responding to a childs attempt at communication, mirroring the child, which includes, imitating and describing what the child is doing, expanding on communication attempts, modeling signs, and wait in order to promote communication. Another method used was JASPER, according to (Wright et. al, 2012)Included teaching new play actions and play sequences by modeling and expanding play based on child interests (p.998). This study is a quantitative design due to their analysis of the use and rate of signs and spoken words in relation to their language acquisition. This is an experimental study because of the variables and the researcher is manipulating them by using a naturalistic intervention approach. Ozcaliskan, Adamson, Dimitrova, Bailey Schmuck (2015) studied if baby sign (ASL) or gestures predict vocabulary later in life for children with Down syndrome and for typically developing children. The subjects in the article by Ozcaliskan et. al. (2015) were twenty-three children with Down syndrome and twenty-three typically developing children. These children were put into a playroom with their parents and used the Communication Play Protocol. The protocol is supposed to be a semi-naturalistic observation of parent and child communication that encourages commenting as well as requesting from the children. After the observation they used coding to determine the number of baby signs as well as gestures such as conventional, deictic, and iconic during the video. At the beginning of the study they assessed the children vocabulary and then one year later gave the children the Expressive Vocabulary Test to determine their spoken vocabulary. All of these measures were compared one ye ar apart to see if the signs and gestures had an effect on their spoken vocabulary. Since the study was over a year period, it is considered a longitudinal study. Some definitions that are the terms used to describe various gestures in Ozcaliskan et. al. ( 2012) including deictic (i.e. indexical gestures that indicate objects/locations, such as pointing at a ball, holding up a bottle), conventional (i.e. gestures that convey culturally prescribed meaning with prescribed gesture forms, such as nodding the head to convey affirmation), or iconic (i.e. spontaneous gestures that convey actions or features associated with objects, such as holding cupped hands in air to indicate roundness of a ball). This is a quantitative design because it is studying their rate of signs and gestures compared to the number of vocabulary words acquired later. This study is descriptive in nature because the researchers are not manipulating variables, but rather observing the toddlers over a year to find the relationship between their use of signs and vocabulary acquisition. Synthesis The articles are both evaluating the effects of signs/gestures and the result they will have on children with Down syndrome and their expressive language/vocabulary later in life. The first study (Wright et. al, 2012) had strengths, the most obvious being the number of questions they addressed in the research. They addressed the effect EMT/JASPER has had on expressive sign, spoken words, generalization of skills, and the time spent in joint engagement. Since their study was researching multiple questions it expands beyond the effects on just spoken and expressive signs and onto the effects on joint engagement and being able to generalize the skills. Another advantage to this study is the amount of criteria required of the subjects. Researchers were able to make the research specific to a certain group of people by reducing the number of outliers. A weakness of this study is the low number of participants. There were only 4 children in the study, which make it difficult to get a good view of the true effect of the naturalistic intervention. Another weakness of this study was the inability to measure the effects it had on joint attention due to the inability to use coding to decipher the change in total joint attention. Wright (2012), recommends that future research focus on researching the number of signs and words that are used within each intervention and figuring out which number is the most effective in order for the children to learn these words and generalize them. An additional topic for further research would be to come up with a method to evaluate the development of joint attention based on the intervention that was used. This study was not systematically evaluated based on both EMT, JASPER, and words and signs mode for teaching, which means that they are unable to determine if the increase in expressive language was due to a combination of all three or just one of the methods. The second study (Ozcaliskan et. al, 2015) had some weaknesses. The main weakness was the length of time; if they were studied over a longer period of time they would be able to see the differences in the long-term effects of their sign/gestures. The main strength of this study was the large number of participants. The large numbers of participants gave the study the ability to reach more people and show the effects it had on both typically developing children and children with Down syndrome. A recommendation for further research for Ozcaliskan (2015) is to research children with Down syndrome, who do and who do not use baby sign, and whether or not the use of gestures would show a correlation with their vocabulary later in life. Early intervention plays an important role by showing the effects of sign language on expressive language and their vocabulary later in life. Wright (2012) showed that the use of different teaching methods including EMT and JASPER in correlation with words and sign language can increase their use of signs and spontaneous words in more generalized setting. The second study by Ozcaliskan (2015) showed us that although children with Down syndrome did not use many gestures, their use of baby signs(ASL) showed a positive correlation with their spoken vocabulary a year later. They both reveal the importance of using sign and how it will impact spoken language for children with Down syndrome. Both studies looked at similar aspects within early intervention, but the naturalistic intervention study would be more practical for clinical settings. The naturalistic intervention could be applied to clients and used in order to gain expressive sign, spoken words and to generalize the skills. Th e other study using signs and gestures would not be practical because it is a descriptive study rather than an experimental study. Both of the studies would be fairly easy to duplicate as long as you had the time and the resources. Neither of the articles had controversial findings since there are not many studies addressing this issue. Discussion and future implication Research for the use of sign language for children with Down syndrome has not been studied much in recent years. These two studies realized the need for research to show how the use of sign language is essential for expressive language and teaching children with Down syndrome to communicate in an effective way. Since children with Down syndrome have difficulty with spoken language, the use of signs aid in the process of communication as well as a stepping-stone to spoken language. Using sign intervention with spoken language will improve how children with Down syndrome communicate with peers in a meaningful way.

Rubber Egg and Chicken Bones - Mad Scientist Lab

A Mad Scientist can make a toy out of just about anything, including a boiled egg. Soak an egg in a common kitchen ingredient, vinegar, to dissolve its shell and make the egg rubbery enough that you can bounce it on the floor like a ball. Soaking chicken bones in vinegar will soften them so that they will become rubbery and flexible. Rubber Egg Materials hard-boiled eggglass or jar, big enough to hold the eggvinegar Turn the Egg into a Bouncy Ball Place the egg in the glass or jar.Add enough vinegar to completely cover the egg.Watch the egg. What do you see? Little bubbles may come off the egg as the acetic acid in the vinegar attacks the calcium carbonate of the eggshell. Over time the color of the eggs may change as well.After 3 days, remove the egg and gently rinse the shell off of the egg with tap water.How does the boiled egg feel? Try bouncing the egg on a hard surface. How high can you bounce your egg?You can soak raw eggs in vinegar for 3-4 days, with a slightly different result. The eggs shell will become soft and flexible. You can gently squeeze these eggs, but its not a great plan to try to bounce them on the floor. Make Rubbery Chicken Bones If you soak chicken bones in vinegar (the thinner bones work best), the vinegar will react with the calcium in the bones and weaken them so that they will become soft and rubbery, as if they had come from a rubber chicken. It is the calcium in your bones that makes them hard and strong. As you age, you may deplete the calcium faster than you replace it. If too much calcium is lost from your bones, they may become brittle and susceptible to breaking. Exercising and eating a diet that includes calcium-rich foods can help prevent this from happening.